About Glenn Murcutt, an Australian Way of Architecture

About Glenn Murcutt, an Australian Way of Architecture Glenn Murcutt (brought into the world July 25, 1936) is ostensibly Australias most acclaimed engineer, in spite of the fact that he was conceived in England. He has impacted ages of working engineers and has won each significant design grant of the calling, including the 2002 Pritzker. However he stays dark to a considerable lot of his Australian compatriots, even as he is respected by engineers around the world. Murcutt is said to work alone, yet he opens his homestead to experts and understudies of design each year, giving expert classes and advancing his vision: Architects thinking locally acting internationally. Murcutt was conceived in London, England, however experienced childhood in the Morobe locale of Papua New Guinea and in Sydney, Australia, where he figured out how to esteem basic, crude design. From his dad, Murcutt took in the ways of thinking of Henry David Thoreau, who accepted that we should live just and in amicability with natures laws. Murcutts father, an independent man of numerous gifts, likewise acquainted him with the smoothed out innovator engineering of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Murcutts early work firmly reflects Mies van der Rohes beliefs. One of Murcutts most loved citations is an expression he frequently heard his dad state. The words, he accepts, are from Thoreau: â€Å"Since the majority of us spend our lives doing standard undertakings, the most significant thing is to complete them remarkably well.† Murcutt is additionally enamored with citing the Aboriginal proverb â€Å"Touch the earth lightly.† From 1956 to 1961, Murcutt contemplated design at the University of New South Wales. After graduation, Murcutt voyaged generally in 1962 and was dazzled by crafted by Jã ¸rn Utzon. On a later outing in 1973, he recalls the innovator 1932 Maison de Verre in Paris, France, as being compelling. He was roused by the Californian engineering of Richard Neutra and Craig Ellwood, and the fresh, simple work of Scandinavian planner Alvar Aalto. Be that as it may, Murcutts structures immediately took on an unmistakably Australian flavor. The Pritzker Prize-winning modeler Glenn Murcutt isn't a manufacturer of high rises. He doesnt plan terrific, conspicuous structures or utilize gaudy, sumptuous materials. Rather, the principled creator empties his inventiveness into littler tasks that let him work alone and structure affordable structures that will moderate vitality and mix with the earth. The entirety of his structures (generally rustic houses) are in Australia. Murcutt picks materials that can be created effectively and monetarily: glass, stone, block, concrete, and creased metal. He gives close consideration to the development of the sun, moon, and seasons, and structures his structures to blend with the development of light and wind. Huge numbers of Murcutts structures are not cooled. Looking like open verandas, Murchutts houses propose the straightforwardness of Farnsworth House of Mies van der Rohe, yet have the sober mindedness of a sheepherders cabin. Murcutt takes on scarcely any new undertakings yet is strongly dedicated to what he does, frequently going through numerous years working with his customers. On occasion he works together with his accomplice, planner Wendy Lewin. Glenn Murcutt is an ace teacher; Oz.e.tecture is the offical site of the Architecture Foundation Australia and the Glenn Murcutt Master Classes. Murcutt is pleased to be the dad of the Australian planner Nick Murcutt (1964â€2011), whose own firm with accomplice Rachel Neeson thrives as Neeson Murcutt Architects.â Murcutts Important Buildings The Marie Short House (1975) is one of Murcutts first homes to join present day Miesian style with Australian fleece shed common sense. With lookout windows that track the overhead sun and an aroused ridged steel rooftop, this extended farmhouse on braces exploits the earth without hurting it. The National Park Visitors Center at Kempsey (1982) and the Berowra Waters Inn (1983) are two of Murcutts early nonresidential undertakings, however he chipped away at these while sharpening his private structures. The Ball-Eastaway House (1983) was worked as a retreat for the specialists Sydney Ball and Lynne Eastaway. Settled in a parched timberland, the primary structure of the structure is upheld on steel segments and steel I-beams. By raising the house over the earth, Murcutt secured the dry soil and encompassing trees. The bended rooftop keeps dry leaves from choosing top. An outside fire dousing framework gives crisis security from timberland blasts. Planner Murcutt nicely positioned the windows and reflection decks to make a feeling of withdrawal while as yet giving grand perspectives on the Australian landscape.â The Magney House (1984) is regularly called Glenn Murcutts most popular house as it coordinates Murcutts components of capacity and plan. Otherwise called Bingie Farm, the design magnum opus is currently part of the Airbnb program. The Marika-Alderton House (1994) was worked for the Aboriginal craftsman Marmburra Wananumba Banduk Marika and her English spouse, Mark Alderton. The house was pre-assembled close to Sydney and sent to its area in the unforgiving Northern Territory of Australia. While being fabricated, Murcutt was additionally taking a shot at the Bowali Visitors Center at Kakadu National Park (1994), likewise in the Northern Territory, and the Simpson-Lee House (1994) situated close to Sydney. Glenn Murcutts later homes from the 21st century are regularly purchased and sold, to some degree like speculations or gatherers things. The Walsh House (2005) and the Donaldson House (2016) fall into this class, not that Murcutts care in configuration is ever decreased. The Australian Islamic Center (2016) close to Melbourne might be the last common articulation of a 80-year-old planner. Thinking minimal about mosque engineering, Murcutt considered, portrayed, and anticipated a long time before the advanced plan was endorsed and fabricated. The conventional minaret is gone, yet the direction toward Mecca remains. Brilliant housetop lights wash insides with shaded daylight, yet people have distinctive access to those insides. Like all of Glenn Murcutts work, this Australian mosque isn't the first, however it is engineering that-through a mindful, iterative procedure of configuration might be the best. I have consistently had confidence in the demonstration of revelation instead of inventiveness, Murcutt said in his 2002 Pritzker acknowledgment discourse. Any work that exists, or which can possibly exist, is identified with revelation. We don't make the work. I accept we, truth be told, are pioneers. Murcutts Pritzker Architecture Prize After learning of his Pritzker grant, Murcutt outlined for journalists, Life isn't tied in with amplifying everything, its about giving something back-like light, space, structure, tranquility, satisfaction. You need to give something back. For what reason did he become a Pritzker Laureate in 2002? In the expressions of the Pritzker jury: During a time fixated on superstar, the excitement of our starchitects, upheld by enormous staffs and bounteous advertising support, rules the features. As an all out contrast,â our laureate works in a one-individual office on the opposite side of the world...yet has a holding up rundown of customers, so purpose is he to give each extend his own best. He is a creative building specialist who is fit for turning his affectability to nature and to area into straightforward, absolutely legitimate, non-flashy masterpieces. Bravo! - J. Carter Brown, Pritzker Prize jury administrator Quick Facts: The Glenn Murcutt Library Contact This Earth Lightly: Glenn Murcutt in His Own Words. In a meeting with Philp Drew, Glenn Murcutt discusses his life and depicts how he built up the methods of reasoning that shape his engineering. This slight soft cover is certifiably not a sumptuous end table book, yet gives great knowledge into the deduction behind the structures. Glenn Murcutt: A Singular Architectural Practice. Murcutts structure theory introduced in his own words is joined with discourse from engineering editors Haig Beck and Jackie Cooper. Through idea portrays, working drawings, photos, and completed drawings, Murcutts thoughts are investigated top to bottom. Glenn Murcutt: Thinking Drawing/Working Drawing by Glenn Murcutt. The planners lone procedure is portrayed by the lone engineer himself. Glenn Murcutt: University of Washington Master Studios and Lectures. Murcutt has reliably led ace classes at his homestead in Australia, yet hes additionally been manufacturing a relationship with Seattle. This thin book by the University of Washington Press gave altered transcripts of discussions, talks, and studios. The Architecture of Glenn Murcutt. In an organization sufficiently enormous to show 13 of Murcutts best undertakings, this is the go-to book of photographs, representations, and portrayals that will acquaint any beginner with what the unflinching Glenn Murcutt is about. Sources Glenn Murcutt 2002 Pritzker Laureate Acceptance Speech, The Hyatt Foundation, PDF at pritzkerprize.com/locales/default/records/file_fields/field_files_inline/2002_Acceptance_Speech_0.pdfAustralian Architect Becomes the 2002 Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize, The Hyatt Foundation, https://www.pritzkerprize.com/laureates/2002

Allegheny College Admissions and Acceptance Criteria

Allegheny College Admissions and Acceptance Criteria Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania, has particular confirmations, and in 2016 the acknowledgment rate was 68 percent. Most of conceded understudies have evaluations and SAT/ACT scores that are better than expected. The affirmation procedure is comprehensive, and the school takes a gander at subjective estimates, for example, your application exposition, letters of suggestion, meet, extracurricular exercises, and exhibited intrigue. They have a discretionary school meet that can be a factor in improving your odds of being acknowledged. Confirmations Data (2016) Allegheny College Acceptance Rate: 68%The school has test-discretionary confirmations, yet you can see commonplace SAT and ACT scores for conceded understudies in this GPA, SAT Score and ACT Score diagram for Allegheny College Top PA universities SAT score comparisonTop PA schools ACT score examination About Allegheny College Allegheny College is a private, residential,â liberal expressions collegeâ located in Meadville, Pennsylvania. The school was included as one of just 40 universities in Loren Popes well-regardedâ ​Colleges That Change Livesâ and different distributions have lauded Allegheny for its worth, the customized consideration understudies get and the quality of its senior capstone experience. All seniors finish and guard the senior comp. It was perceived as one of the best 25 human sciences schools in the U.S. by Washington Monthly. The school has a 10â to 1â student/staff ratioâ and a normal class size of 21 understudies at the early on level and 11 at the upper level. For its qualities in the aesthetic sciences and sciences, Allegheny College was granted a section of the prestigious Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. They commend their Unusual Combinations as they expect understudies to pick a significant and a minor. They accept that demonstrates their alumni to be individuals who can comprehend the 10,000 foot view. Enlistment (2016) All out Enrollment: 1,920â (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 47â percent male/53 percent female97â percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Educational cost and Fees: $44,250Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $11,170Other Expenses: $2,500Total Cost: $58,920 Allegheny College Financial Aid (2015-16) Level of Students Receiving Aid: 99 percentPercentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99 percentLoans: 67 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $29,971Loans: $7,998 Most Popular Majors Science, Communication Studies, Economics, English, Environmental Science, History, Mathematics, Neuroscience, Political Science, Psychology Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time understudies): 83 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 70 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 76 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports: Football, Swimming, Tennis, Basketball, Football, Track and Field, Baseball, Cross Country, SoccerWomens Sports: Basketball, Softball, Volleyball, Tennis, Cross Country, Lacrosse, Soccer, Track and Field Information Source National Center for Educational Statistics Allegheny and the Common Application Allegheny College utilizes the Common Application. These articles can help control you: Basic Application article tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental paper tips and tests

The Gullah community in American slave history Essay

The Gullah people group in American slave history - Essay Example it tends to be said that the US slave exchange is viewed as one of the most scandalous and uncalled for demonstrations of commanding relocation. Such acts not just denied the casualties from carrying on with an existence of harmony and happiness in their own country, yet in addition brought about lost the way of life, language and above all their unique lifestyle. Disregarding this, the degree of misfortune in social and semantic roots has not been normal over all the dislodged networks from Africa in the United States. The Gullah individuals have to a huge degree had the option to carry on with a disengaged life when contrasted with their other African partners both as far as social personality and language. This paper, through audit of significant writing, attempts to uncover and how such a situation became. Simultaneously, the paper will follow the historical backdrop of the Gullah and different slaves on their excursion from Africa and how every one of these two gatherings resett led into their new (constrained) country. History of slave exchange the United States: It was during the mid fifteenth century that relocation of Africans as workers (fundamentally in ranches) in the United States until import of new slaves were restricted by an Act of Congress in 1808 (Curtis 298). All things being equal, imports were surreptitiously completed. Aside from this Whites could buy slaves from different proprietors and furthermore guarantee responsibility for offspring of slaves working for them. The thirteenth Amendment officially canceled bondage, despite the fact that their status as substandard proceeded until the twentieth century until the appearance of such extraordinary pioneers like Martin Luther King Jr. What is to be noted is that the nearness of Africans as slaves and afterward as free individuals in the United States began in the fifteenth century and proceeded to this date (a time of in excess of 500 years). Having for all intents and purposes no associati on at all with their African country, it is just normal that this gathering of outsiders started acclimatize the way of life of their received land and thus started losing their unique social and semantic personality. The following areas will examine the life of the normal Black individuals as slaves and later on as free African Americans and how these elements added to the social misfortunes referenced previously. It will likewise examine the novel status of the Gullah clan mulling over similar parameters applied to different Africans in the nation. The status of the African slaves: As referenced prior, slaves in Africa had no methods for keeping in touch with their own kin in their country and towns. Different elements included absence of education which was widespread and furthermore that they were not a durable gathering regarding language or socio-strict traditions (Klein 178). Slave exchange prospered on account of the absence of labor to work in American fields and later on i n business and homes. Slave proprietors didn't evidently think about this decent variety as they were just expectation on getting modest or free work. Therefore, regardless of whether there were gatherings of slaves from a solitary town or clan accessible, most slave proprietors didn't try to order them as such. Thus, each ranch, business or family unit had a lot of slaves that were outsiders as far as culture and language despite the fact that they originated from a similar mainland. Klein proceeds to include that this assorted variety of African culture present in a solitary spot before long prompted weakening of the way of life of people and clans. They had

A Study Of A Dionysiac Sarcophagus Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper In the Los Angeles County Art Museum A grown-up male kicks the bucket. He winds his way down into the black market to make the Bankss of the stream Acheron where he meets the ferryman Charon. He takes a coin from his oral depression to pay the cost over. On the contrary bank he is welcomed by a Maenad or conceivably Bacchus himself who offers him a cylix of vino. Drinking profound, the grown-up male is changed and restored from expire to a higher plane. Then again of populating an enduring dream in the black market he gets salvation from his God Dionysos, the Savior. In Roman magnificent occasions at that spot was an incredible recovery of the # 8220 ; Mystery # 8221 ; factions of Greece powered by the expectation of an actual existence after perish. In funerary dedications there can be seen the creeds of the confidence each piece great as how it sees the great beyond. Inside the Los Angeles County Art Museum stands such a vas made to facilitate this excursion to ever-enduring happy to the point bursting. A blessing from William Randolph Hearst, the piece is a stone coffin from the Severan time of the Roman imperium close to the terminal of the second century itemizing a radiation of Dionysos, the God of vino, and his followings. Such a radiation could be from Dionysos # 8217 ; s messianic excursions or from his triumphal come back from disseminating the vino faction. Initially in the tomb of a princely family unit in Rome, the stone casket was in ulterior occasions utilized as an estate proprietor for a blossom bed ( Matz, 3 ) . This # 8220 ; abuse # 8221 ; of the piece clarifies the hindrance of the marble which required broadened Restoration in the seventeenth century ( 4 ) . It is tub formed with measurements of 2.1 meters long and 1 meter wide, standing 0.6 meters from the land. The structure is like tubs utilized for stepping grapes which had spouts ornamented with lord of beastss # 8217 ; caputs to vent the vino ( 3 ) . Bing formed like a wine VAT makes the sarcopagi a transfor mative power in its ain right by emblematically transforming the individual interned inside into vino! passing on him closer to the God. Not at all like other stone caskets of the period the dorsum of this piece has non been left unhewn, yet then again a strigal type of repeating # 8220 ; S # 8221 ; structures has been cut, suggesting that the piece may hold remained in the focal point of the catacomb. Not at all like other progressively celebrated and rich Dionysiac stone caskets, for example, the Seasons stone coffins and the Triumph of Dionysos in Baltimore which depict explicit polar occasions in the mythos of Dionysos, this piece gives us then again a somewhat nonexclusive bit of Bacchic life ( Matz, 5 ) . The way and representation of the figures, of class, originate before the Roman imperium ; stone coffins of this sort were mass created in stores dependent on structures and drawings from Grecian craftsmans ( Alexander, 46 ) . Dionysos himself is in the inside keeping his staff, the thyrsos, in his left manus and pouring vino with his privilege while siting a panther, a hallowed vivify being firmly connected with the God ( Matz, 4 ) . Flanking him are two ruler of brutes caputs that speak to Dionysos # 8217 ; s endeavors to escape perish at the authorities of the colossuss by changing into a lord of monsters, among other invigorate creatures, which so lead to his expire and resulting metempsychosis ( Graves, 103-104 ) . To one side of Dionysos is Silenus, his mentor from his youth, keeping a vas in all probability loaded up with vino. The nearness of Silenus strengthens the faction # 8217 ; s confidence in imperishable youngster. Following to Silenus is a Maenad, or female raver, playing a woodwind above Pan the caprine creature God of the backwoods. Underneath Pan and the correct ruler of mammoths caput are two angels, one have oning a veil of Silenus while different backs back in dread ( Matz, 4 ) . On the left of Dionysos are two obscene person and another littler picture of Pan keeping a cup of vino. Further left is another Maenad, this one playing a tambourine, who is being trailed by a libertine. Beneath the left ruler of brutes caput there is another seraph, or putto, and a juvenile obscene person. Balancing the left side on the terminal is as yet another maenad followed by a reprobate. On the correct terminal there is a libertine, playing the cymbals, following a half exposed maenad. Finishing the piece, out of sight behind the central figures there are two childs ( an energize being Dionysos often changed into ) , another skillet and a little puma. Through taking a gander at the piece we can obtain some idea of what a gathering of the faction resembles for the followings. The example of the clique was completely casual when contrasted with love in the sanctuaries of the canonic Gods. Not at all like love of the Gods of the state-supported confidence, Bacchic celebrations removed topographic point from doorss far away from the jammed metropoliss in the forested areas which harkens back to antediluvian occasions before grown-up male assembled sanctuaries. At the point when they showed up in the wood, Dionysos gave them herbs, berries, and wild caprine creatures to eat and bounty to assimilate ( Hamilton, 57 ) . Wine of class was ever present at these gatherings to respect the vino God. Wine was a sacrosanct portrayal of the God himself ; guzzling vino liberated the amateur from the restrictions of natural issues to meet up with the God through joy which truly deciphered from the first Greek methods ‘outside the body’ ( Mcann, 128 ) . This individualistic natur e of Communion constantly rehearsed gave the devoted an inclination! of closeness with the God. The veil of Silenus on one of the putti is a gesture to the significance theater played in the faction. The best writers of Greece composed shows regarding Dionysos which were viewed as holy to the religion. The two comedies and catastrophes were performed, mirroring the twofold idea of the God and of vino itself ( Hamilton, 61 ) . Wine can invigorate grown-up male to elevated undertakings and happy skipping, be that as it may, it can other than transform him into a brute creature. Like the Egyptian God Osiris, Dionysos endured a savage perish by dismantling. Clique individuals would respect the God by hyper dismantling of bulls and now and again grievous work powers lease with authorities and dentitions which were so eaten up, emblematically taking Dionysos inside themselves. This terrible custom, joined by noisy music and the smashing of cymbals, was planned to actuate the reveler considerably further into an area of joy to achieve a discharge from the natural structure. These ceremonies of ceremony and Communion root from the legends environing Dionysos embodying his introduction to the world, life, expire, and metempsychosis of the God through the ever-enduring recovery of life in the common universe which give the devoted a guarantee of an imperishable being. Of extraordinary essentialness to the bookman is the window that stone coffins and other funerary commemorations surrender to the lives each piece great as lives following death of the practicians of the clique. In the occurrence of the Bacchic clique it is especially of import in that before the Romans turned out to be progressively detached to the developing pervasiveness of the religions of the second century little is known about their funerary examples because of the shroud of mystery environing the puzzler faction. Truth be told, the cultists were aggrieved by the Roman region confidence preceding the belief of the rediscovered cliques by the blue class as confirm by expanding figure of such stone caskets ( Lehman, 24,26 ) In using such stone coffins joining the representation of their religion and philosophies, the followings of the faction were guaranting themselves authentic assurance and a confidence appointed in the future. List of sources and Works Cited 1. Alexander, Christine. # 8220 ; A Roman Sarcophagus from Badminton House. # 8221 ; The Metropolitan Museum Bulletin, vol.14 ( October 1955 ) , pp. 39-47. 2. Graves, Robert. The Grecian Myths. Penguin Books, Maryland, ( 1955 ) 3. Greenhalgh, Michael. # 8220 ; Greek A ; Roman Cities of Western Turkey. # 8221 ; rubens.anu.edu.au/turkey/book/toc1.html ( WWW ) , individual. 8 ( 1996 ) 4. Hamilton, Edith. Folklore: Dateless Narratives of Gods And Heroes. New American Library, New York, 1969 5. Lehmann-Hartleben, Karl. Dionysiac Sarcophagi In Baltimore. Foundation of Fine Arts, New York University, 1942 6. Matz, Friedrich. # 8220 ; Rediscovered Dionysiac Sarcophagus. # 8221 ; The Los Angeles Museum of Art Bulletin, vol.8, figure 3 ( 1956 ) , pp.3-5. 7. McCann, Anna. # 8220 ; Two Fragments of Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Exemplifying the Indian Triumph of Dionysus. # 8221 ; The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, vol. 36 ( 1977 ) , pp.123-36 8.Thompson, Homer. # 8220 ; Dionysus among the Nymphs in Athens and Rome. # 8221 ; The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, vol. 36 ( 1977 ) , pp. 73-84 34b

English Essays (1590 words) - Moby-Dick, Captain Ahab, Moby Dick

English Moby Dick By Herman Melville The Characters and Plot There are various characters in Moby Dick, yet just a couple of them have any effect on the story. A typical mariner named Ishmael is the storyteller. The book, in any case, centers around Captain Ahab, the one-legged authority of the whaling transport Pequod. Ahab has pledged to execute the immense whale Moby Dick, who removed his leg. Starbuck is the first mate of the Pequod. Queequeg, Tashtego, and Daggoo are the three harpooners. The story starts with Ishmael getting eager. He chooses to go out to the ocean on a whaling transport. In the port of New Bedford, he meets what's more, shares a live with a harpooner named Queequeg. Both of them become dear companions, and consent to transport out together. The day after they arrive at Nantucket, Ishmael starts looking for a whaling transport getting ready to leave harbor. Out of three boats prepared to leave, he picks the Pequod. The proprietors of the boat, Captains Peleg what's more, Bildad are eager to know about Queequeg from Ishmael and happily let him join the team. They are told the commander of the boat is named Ahab. Peleg and Bildad state that he is a decent man, but since of some weird disease, he is bound to his lodge. On Christmas day, and with Ahab still in his lodge, the Pequod sets sail in the Atlantic. As the climate heats up (a few months subsequent to leaving port), Ahab is at last observed at hand. The most odd thing about Ahab is his leg. Rather than fragile living creature and bone, he has a white ivory peg leg. As the weeks wear on, Ahab begins to get more amiable. At some point, he calls the group before him. He discloses to them that the sole strategic the Pequod is to execute Moby Dick. Moby Dick is a massive sperm whale with a screwy jaw and a disfigured brow. He has never been vanquished, and has assaulted and sunk whole ships. Ahab concedes he detests Moby Dick for removing his leg, and needs vengeance. The team consent to this test, and pledge to chase him down. The main who is not amped up for chasing down Moby Dick is first-mate Starbuck. For a long time, the Pequod cruises South, through the Atlantic, around the Cape of Good Hope (the southern tip of Africa), and into the Indian Ocean. En route, they execute and channel the spermaceti oil from each sperm whale they experience. Each time they meet another boat, Ahab starts the discussion with Hast seen the White Whale?. At last, in the wake of entering the Japanese ocean, the Pequod experiences a whaling transport named the Enderby. The Enderby's commander had simply as of late lost his arm to Moby Dick. Ahab turns out to be so energized at the news that he breaks his ivory leg. The boat's craftsman fabricates him a new one. When arriving at the waters around the equator, the Pequod meets another whaling transport, the Rachel. They had seen Moby Dick, and had become isolated from one of the whaling pontoons during the fight. Ahab won't assist them with searching for the missing men. Finally, Moby Dick is spotted by Ahab. In the primary day of battling, the whale is skewered commonly, yet escapes after crushing Ahab's pontoon. On the subsequent day, the whale is speared once more, yet at the same time get away. On the third day, Ahab's spear pierces the whale, however the rope gets him by the neck and Moby Dick hauls him to the base of the ocean. An irate Moby Dick smashes and sinks the Pequod. Just Ishmael endures, and he is saved by the Rachel. My Response Moby Dick was not the novel I anticipated. I was under the impression that it would be tied in with nautical and the whale Moby Dick. Moby Dick is an anecdote about Captain Ahab's fixation. There is very little in the anecdote about the retribution itself, pretty much Ahab's monomania. Out of 465 pages, just forty-two of them manage the real fight among Ahab and Moby Dick. The epic places almost no accentuation on real marine. Ishmael never at any point steps on a vessel until page seventy-four. In any event, when the transport at last leaves port, the notice of anything including cruising or on the other hand the life of mariners is kept to a flat out least. There is, nonetheless, a lot of accentuation is on whaling, the life systems of whales, and their conduct. The book broadly expounds depicting the whalers of Nantucket, and gives inside and out clarifications of the various kinds of whales, citing a few outside sources in the procedure. The storyteller makes reference to the great size of the sperm whale, and how

Essay sample how the beehive looks like

Essay sample how the beehive looks like Bees are wonderful and extraordinary creatures that are far more complicated and intelligent than it is usually believed. Due to their close relationships with people, bees have been relatively well-researched compared to other insects. These are more than 20,000 species of bees living in different parts of this planet (Winston, 2014). Some of them are tiny and reach only 2 mm while others are quite impressive â€" up to 4 cm long. Bees are famous for making honey â€" a delicious and wholesome substance they create from pollen (Corrick, 2010). These social insects live in colonies with an intricate structure and a clear division of responsibilities. Research shows that there are soldiers, queens, breadwinners, and even babysitters in their beehives, which vividly demonstrates the complexity of their world. In the present essay, I attempt to explore what it is like in a beehive, how natural and human-made behaves differ, and how bees interact within these settings. Inside a Natural Beehive It is important to understand that different species of bees have different beehives. Naturally, describing all of them will take much time, so we will focus on the most common Western honeybees’ hives. A natural beehive is typically constructed in some hollow cavity that protects its inhabitants from the elements (Winston, 2014). It can be a hollow tree trunk, a cavity in a cliff, or even a rooftop or an attic. To build their houses, bees use the wax they produce with the help of glands located on their abdomens. They chew this wax until it gets soft enough to bond small pieces of it into one large hive (Corrick, 2010). Interestingly, bees building the hive (they are called workers) manage to maintain the favorable atmosphere to control the texture of this wax. Now that you know what is a beehive made out of, I intend to explain how it looks like inside and what functions it serves. The beehive is the kind of a honeycomb with uniquely-shaped hexagonal cells. These small constructions with a perfect form are used by bees to store honey, pollen, and nectar, as well as house larvae (Hirschmann, 2004). Since a beehive may contain up to 50,000 bees, it is critically important for these creatures to optimize this space. At this point, one needs to highlight that bees are talented mathematicians and engineers. They discovered that hexagon is an ideal shape to use their scarce resources wisely. Because bees need much honey to produce wax, they try to use as little of this substance as possible, so triangles and squares would be too “expensive” to construct (MyBeeLine, 2017). Besides, the hexagonal shape allows optimizing the use of space, which is crucial for such crowded places as hives. Inside a Honey Beehive: Human-Made Hives Human-made beehives, although being similar to the natural ones, have several peculiarities. Therefore, I would like to explain what’s it like inside a beehive made by people. Since the ancient times, people have tried to domesticate these useful insects and build houses for them, which consisted of unbaked clay and straw. However, these structures were not orderly enough, so bees had to create their own honeycombs, which were then destroyed by people to extract honey (Hive and Honey Apiary, 2017). Fortunately, modern beekeepers have developed more efficient methods of beehive construction that allow bees to live in comfortable conditions. Interestingly, while bees need only time and efforts to build their extraordinary houses, contemporary beekeepers wishing to have bees at home should possess many skills, knowledge, and materials at hand. To construct a simple beehive, one would need thick sheets of plywood, table saw, chop saw, hammer, nails, wood glue, jigsaw, and many other things (Pauli, 2016). The main feature of these constructions is that they have movable frames that facilitate the process of honey extraction. Due to this characteristic, the comb is easily left intact during the honey bee hive removal, but some beekeepers sell honey comb because is believed to have many vitamins. In general, although the external structure of the handmade beehive differs from that of the natural one, the internal setting remains almost the same as bees themselves adjust it to their needs. Interesting Facts about Bees I would also like to discuss some interesting honey bee hive facts that will tell you more about these extraordinary insects. Building such complicated hives requires much energy, so bees literally work themselves to death constructing them; some of them live no longer than six weeks (Reilly, 2013). Furthermore, it is a well-known fact that bees get used to performing a certain job and if they need to change it for some reason, their brain chemistry changes as well to respond to new requirements. Interestingly, it is also believed that the clear division of responsibilities resulted in bees having their distinct personalities and character, which is one of the reasons why people get so fascinated by these creatures (Reilly, 2013). The last thing to consider is how do honeybees communicate about the location of food resources? Research indicates that bees use hormones and special movements to interact, which work together as a unique language that humans have not yet fully unraveled. To summarize, one can see that bees are amazing insects with a complex social structure, division of responsibilities, language, and outstanding engineering skills. They are dedicated to their work and can cooperate effectively to construct uniquely-shaped hives, both in the natural and home environment. However, some things are still not fully explored about these creatures. It is not clear how do honeybees communicate about the location of food resources and how they decide what jobs they should take. Therefore, a beehive remains a mystery for humans, which is to be explored in the future.

Bank Al Habib - Free Essay Example

Executive Summary This write-up contains a review of the financial statements of four different banks across the globe. The basic purpose of this report is to link the information we obtain from books and lectures and class learning with the real practical world. The information in this write up is from the annual reports of the companies. The content of this write-up includes: History of the companies Basic Financial Statements Financial Assets Plant Intangible Assets Liabilities Statement of Cash flows Selected Companies BANK AL HABIB * Stock Exchange: o It is located on Karachi Stock Exchange. * Industry products: o It is included in Consumer Commercial Banking sector. And the products and services offered by the company are: Consumer banking: * Auto Loan * Home loan * Home buying * Home construction * Home Improvement Services: * Online Banking * Safe deposit lockers * ATM cards * Debit cards * Telebanking * E-funds transfer * Remittances * Life Insurance Investment: * Young saver account * PLS saving account * Maximize your profit * Income every month * Super saving account * Mahana Munafa account Agriculture loan Islamic Banking * Deposit schemes * Islamic financing Commercial Banking Home remittances * Incorporation: o It was incorporated in Karachi, on 15 October, 1991. * Parent Company: o DAWOOD HABIB GROUP, which is the sponsor of Bank AL Habib Limited, has a very long track record of banking which dates back to 1920s. They were among the founder members of Habib Bank Limitedwhich played a major role in meeting the financial and banking needs of Pakistan, and which was nationalized along with other Banks in Pakistan on December 31, 1973. Under the privatization policy of Government of Pakistan, the DAWOOD HABIB GROUP was granted permission to set up a commercial bank. Bank AL Habib was incorporated as a Public Limited Company in October 1991 and started banking operations in 1992. * Office address: o Head Office 126-C, Old Bahawalpur Road Multan Pakistan * Financial year: o The financial year of the company ends at December of that particular year. o So it closes adjusts its accounts at the end of December. * Financial Statement Principle used: o IAS ICICI * Stock Exchange: o It is located on Bombay Stock Exchange. * Industry products: o It is included in Personal, NRI and Business Banking sector. And the products and services offered by the company are: Personal banking: * Deposits * Loans * Cards * Investments * Insurance * Demat services * Online services * Wealth management NRI banking: * Money transfer * Bank accounts * Investments * Property solutions * Insurance * Loans Business Banking: * Corporate net banking * Cash Management * Trade services * FXonline * SME services * Online Taxes * Incorporation: o It was incorporated in Mumbai, in 1994. * Parent Company: o In1955, The World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry formed ICICI Limited as a development finance institution to provide medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. ICICI was not a bank it could not take retail deposits and nor was it required to comply with Indian banking requirements for liquid reserves. ICICI borrowed funds from many multilateral agencies (such as the World Bank), often at concessional rates. It used these to make large corporate loans. o In, 1994 ICICI established Banking Corporation as a banking subsidiary, formerly Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India. Later, ICICI Banking Corporation was renamed as ICICI Bank Limited. ICICI founded a separate legal entity, ICICI Bank, to undertake normal banking operations taking deposits, credit cards, car loans etc. * Office address: o Landmark, Race Course Circle, Vadodara 390 007, Gujrat, India. * Financial year: o The financial year of the company ends at March. o So it closes adjusts its accounts at the end of March. * Financial Statement Principle used: o GAAP Bank of America * Stock Exchange: o It is located on New York Stock Exchange. * Industry products: o It is included in Personal Corporate Banking sector. And the products and services offered by the company are: Online services Checking savings Cards Insurance Specialized Banking Business banking Home buying, loans lines of credit Retirement Investments Wealth management Vehicle other loans International banking * Incorporation: o It was incorporated in 1929, in California. * Parent Company: o The Bank of Italy was founded in San Francisco in 1904. o In the late 1920s, President and founder of Bank of America, Los Angeles and Bank of Italy talked about a merger between the two entities. The Los Angeles based bank had exhibited strong growth throughout the 1920s, due in part to its success in developing an advanced branch banking system. The merger was completed in early 1929 and took the name Bank of America. * Office address: o 100 North Tryon Street Charlotte, North Carolina 28263 * Financial year: o The financial year of the company ends at December. o So it closes adjusts its accounts at the end of December. * Financial Statement Principle used: o GAAP HSBC * Stock Exchange: o It is located on London Stock Exchange. * Industry products: o It is included in Personal Corporate Banking sector. And the products and services offered by the company are: HSBC plus HSBC Premier Savings Investments Credit Cards Loans Mortgages Insurance International services * Incorporation: o It was incorporated in 1865, in Hong Kong. * Parent Company: o The HSBC Group is named after its founding member, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, which was established in 1865 to finance the growing trade between China and Europe. * Office address: o 8 Canada Square, London E14 5HQ * Financial year: o The financial year of the company ends at December. o So it closes adjusts its accounts at the end of December. * Financial Statement Principle used: o IFRS BANK AL HABIB * Presentation Format o IAS * Observation on Assets: o Total assets on 31st December, 2006: Rs. 1,14,99,80,37 o Total assets on 31st December, 2007: Rs. 1,41,23,42,74 o It shows that Bank Al Habib has an increase in Assets by Rs. 26236237 in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Investments. * Observation on Liabilities: o Total Liabilities on 31st December, 2006: Rs. 1,08,47,56,45 o Total Liabilities on 31st December, 2007: Rs. 1,32,90,89,56 o It shows that Bank Al Habib has an increase in Liabilities by Rs. 24433311 in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Deposits. * Observation on Equity: o Total Equity on 31st December, 2006: Rs. 6,52,23,92 o Total Equity on 31st December, 2007: Rs. 8,32,53,18 o It shows that Bank Al Habib has an increase in Equity by Rs. 1802926 in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Reserves. * Revenue: o Rs. 6,21,86,73 * Expense: o Rs. 3,16,64,46 * Net Income: o Rs. 2,21,13,33 * Statement of Cash Flows: o Net cash flows from operating activities: Rs. 20,066,569 o Net cash flows from investing activities: Rs. 16,244,589 o Net cash flows from financing activities: Rs. (30,071) ICICI * Presentation Format o GAAP * Observation on Assets: o Total assets on 31st March, 2007: Rs. 3446.58 billion o Total assets on 31st March, 2008: Rs. 3997.95 billion o It shows that ICICI has an increase in Assets by 16% in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Investments advances. * Observation on Liabilities: o Total Liabilities on 31st March, 2007: Rs. 894.84 billion o Total Liabilities on 31st March, 2008: Rs. 1085.43 billion o It shows that ICICI has an increase in Liabilities by 17% in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Borrowings. * Observation on Equity: o Total Equity on 31st March, 2007: Rs. 2551734507 o Total Equity on 31st March, 2008: Rs. 2912512597 o It shows that ICICI has an increase in Equity by 12.3% in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Reserves. * Revenue: o Rs. 395991 billion * Expense: o Rs. 354413 billion * Net Income: o Rs. 51560 billion * Statement of Cash Flows: o Net cash flows from operating activities: Rs. 116,311,534 o Net cash flows from investing activities: Rs. 175, 611, 149 o Net cash flows from financing activities: Rs. 299,648,227 Bank of America * Presentation Format o GAAP * Observation on Assets: o Total assets on 31st December, 2006: $ 1459737 million o Total assets on 31st December, 2007: $ 1715746 million o It shows that Bank of America has an increase in Assets by $ 256009 million in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Loans Leases. * Observation on Liabilities: o Total Liabilities on 31st December, 2006: $ 1324465 million o Total Liabilities on 31st December, 2007: $ 1568943 million o It shows that Bank of America has an increase in Liabilities by $ 244478 million in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Long term debt. * Observation on Equity: o Total Equity on 31st December, 2006: $ 135272 million o Total Equity on 31st December, 2007: $ 146803 million o It shows that Bank Al Habib has an increase in Equity by $ 11531 million in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in retained earnings. * Revenue: o $ 119.19 Billion * Expense: o $ 104.21 Billion * Net Income: o $ 14.98 Billion * Statement of Cash Flows: o Net cash flows from operating activities: $ 11,036 o Net cash flows from investing activities: $108,430 o Net cash flows from financing activities: $ 103,412 HSBC * Presentation Format o IFRS * Observation on Assets: o Total assets on 31st December, 2006: m 440760 o Total assets on 31st December, 2007: m 622280 o It shows that HSBC has an increase in Assets by m 181520 in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Trading Assets of the company. * Observation on Liabilities: o Total Liabilities on 31st December, 2006: m 419822 o Total Liabilities on 31st December, 2007: m 597281 o It shows that HSBC has an increase in Liabilities by m 177459 in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in Trading Liabilities. * Observation on Equity: o Total Equity on 31st December, 2006: m 20938 o Total Equity on 31st December, 2007: m 24999 o It shows that HSBC has an increase in Equity by m 4061 in one year. o This increase is mainly due to increase in reserves. * Revenue: o US$ 146.50 billion * Expense: o US$ 127.4 billion * Net Income: o US$ 19.1 billion * Statement of Cash Flows: o Net cash flows from operating activities: m 30,330 o Net cash flows from investing activities: m 28,342 o Net cash flows from financing activities: m 134 BANK AL HABIB Accounts Receivable: * Murabaha receivable: 1,007,878,000 * Receivable from Benefit plan: 33,772,000 * Certificates of Investment : 300,000 * Repurchase agreement lendings (Reverse Repo) 3,812,429 * Total: 4,112,429 Note Receivable: * Receivable from SBP / Government of Pakistan: 5,675,000 * Lease rentals receivable: o Not later than one year: 200,632,000 o Later than one year but less than 5 years: 512,845,000 o Total: 713,477,000 ICICI Account Receivable: * Securitization, finance lease and hire purchase receivables: 105,551,409 * Receivables from : o Subsidiaries 3,351.7 o Associates/joint ventures/other related entities: 52.5 o Total: 3,404.2 Note Receivable: * Maturity buckets Loans their amounts: 1 to 14 days 299.9 15 to 28 days 857.4 29 days to 3 months 107.3 3 to 6 months 415.2 6 months to 1 year 207.4 1 to 3 years 243.4 3 to 5 years 808.1 Above 5 years 222.1 Bank of America Account Receivable: Receivables from subsidiaries: Bank holding companies and related subsidiaries 30,032 Nonbank companies and related subsidiaries 33,637 Note Receivable: Loans given: (includes $4,590 measured at fair value at December 31, 2007 and $115,285 and $24,632 pledged as collateral): 876,344 Interest: 14% per annum HSBC Account Receivable: Financial assets designated at fair value: 14,969 Loans and advances to banks: 60,764 Loans and advances to customers: 227,687 Receivables from non-current asset held for sale: 2 m Note Receivable: Finance Lease Receivables: Total future minimum payments m Unearned finance income m Present value m Lease receivables: no later than one year 729 (141) 588 later than one year and no later than five years 2,222 (493) 1,729 later than five years 3,502 (1,146) 2,356 6,453 (1.780) 4,673 Operating Lease Receivables: Equipment m Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases expiring: no later than one year 237 later than one year and no later than five years 670 later than five years 199 1,106 Interest: 13% per annum BANK AL HABIB Plant Assets Depreciation Cost/Revalued Amount Depreciation As at 1Jan,07 Additions/ (Deletions)/ Adjustments As at 31Dec,07 As at 1Jan,07 Additions/ (Deletions)/ Adjustments As at 31Dec,07 Book Value Rate of Depreciation % Rupees in 000 Owned Leasehold land 927,994 807,132 1,735,126 1,735,126 Buildings on leasehold land 1,733,661 689,148 2,408,706 121,957 80,923 201,130 2,207,576 2.00-6.67 Improvements to leasehold buildings 102,050 81,476 178,434 5,315 7,115 12,165 166,269 5 Furniture and fixtures 192,042 44,791 226,314 59,306 20,289 75,809 150,505 10 Vehicles 6,300 19,977 25,517 1,891 1,596 2,994 22,523 20 3,030,705 1,760,075 4,847,894 241,362 128,215 417,962 4,429,93 Disposal: Particulars Cost Book Value Sale Price Mode of Disposal Particulars of purchaser (Rupees in 000) Furniture and Fixtures 2,507 925 373 Auction Karachi Auction Mart, 7/C,Mai Kolachi Road, Karachi. Gain on disposal of operating fixed assets: 20,453 Intangible Assets: On balance sheet: Intangible Asset: 16490(2007) 8805(2006) Amortization: Cost Amortization As at 1Jan,07 Additions As at 31Dec,07 As at 1Jan,07 Charge As at 31Dec,07 Book Value Rate of Amortization % Rupees in 000 Computer software 69,069 22,193 91,262 60,264 14,508 74,772 16,490 50 ICICI Plant Assets Depreciation: 1) Building At cost as on March 31 of preceding year 20,496,202 Additions during the year 2,719,704 Deductions during the year (272,987) Depreciation to date (3,326,017) Net block 19,616,902 2) Furnitures, Fixtures Other Assets: At cost as on March 31 of preceding year 24,352,894 Additions during the year 5,588,730 Deductions during the year (603,577) Depreciation to date (15,836,691) Net block 13,501,356 3) Assets given on lease: At cost as on March 31 of preceding year 18,136,532 Additions during the year Deductions during the year (57,460) Depreciation to date, accumulated lease adjustment and provisions (10,108,355) Net block 7,970,717 Total Plant Assets 41,088,975 Depreciation Rate of Plant Assets: Asset Depreciation Rate Premises owned by the Bank 1.63% Improvements to leasehold premises 1.63% or over the lease period, whichever is higher ATMs 12.50% Plant and machinery like air conditioners, photo-copying machines, etc. 10.00% Computers 33.33% Card acceptance devices 12.50% Furniture and fixtures 15.00% Motor vehicles 20.00% Others (including Software and system development expenses) 25.00% Intangible Assets Amortization: Intangible asset includes Software acquired by the bank. The movement in software as on March 31, 2008 is given below: At cost as on March 31st of preceding year 3,216.4 Additions during the year 1,235.4 Deductions during the year. (3.0) AMORTIZATION to date (2,847.4) Net block 1,601.4 Bank of America Plant Asset Depreciation: Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated lives range up to 40 years for buildings, up to 12 years for furniture and equipment, and the shorter of lease term or estimated useful life for leasehold improvements. Premises Equipment 12408 Less: Accumulated Depreciation (1168) Premises Equipment: Net 11240 Intangible Asset Amortization: At December 31, 2007, intangible assets included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet consist of purchased credit card relationship intangibles, core deposit intangibles, affinity relationships, and other intangibles that are amortized on an accelerated or straight-line basis over anticipated periods of benefit of up to 15 years. Intangible Asset 11972 Less: Amortization (1676) Intangible Asset: Net 10296 HSBC Plant Asset Depreciation: Freehold land and Buildings m Long leasehold land and buildings m Short leasehold land and buildings m Equipment, fixtures and fittings m Equipment on operating leases m Total m Cost or fair value At 1 January 2007 966 362 275 2657 3004 7264 Additions at cost 104 3 84 321 66 578 Acquisition of subsidiaries 49 1 50 Fair value adjustments 13 13 Disposals (257) (320) (12) (135) (65) (789) Transfers 4 (1) 3 Exchange translation differences 55 4 69 128 Other changes (6) 2 (9) (13) At 31 December 2007 924 45 357 2903 3005 7234 Accumulated Depreciation At 1 January 2007 (97) (27) (150) (1656) (926) (2856) Depreciation charge for the year (22) (3) (22) (281) (100) (428) Disposals 48 15 8 76 58 205 Transfers (2) (2) Impairment losses recognized Impairment losses reversed 6 6 Exchange translation differences (4) (2) (39) (45) Other changes (6) (1) 12 5 At 31 December 2007 (75) (15) (169) (1888) (968) (3115) Net book value at 31 December 2007 849 30 188 1015 2037 4119 Intangible Asset Amortization: Trade Names m Internally generated software m Purchased Software m Customer Relationships m Other m Total m Cost At 1 January 2007 13 675 58 244 17 1007 Additions 103 15 4 122 Disposals (2) (2) Exchange translation differences 2 9 7 69 128 Other changes 1 (40) (10) (49) At 31 December 2007 15 788 78 204 12 1097 Accumulated Amortization At 1 January 2007 (5) (441) (38) (73) (1) (588) Amortization charge for the year (1) (75) (12) (19) (1) (108) Impairment charge for the year (1) (1) Disposals 3 3 Exchange translation differences (1) (9) (4) (14) Other changes 40 40 At 31 December 2007 (7) (526) (51) (52) (2) (638) Net book value at 31 December 2007 8 262 27 152 10 459 BANK AL HABIB Current Liabilities: Bills payable 2,394,482 Borrowings 9,826,525 Deposits and other accounts 114,818,855 Sub-ordinated loans 2,848,080 Liabilities against assets subject to finance lease 642,369 Deferred tax liabilities 559,646 Mark-up / return / interest payable in local currency 520,700 Mark-up / return / interest payable in foreign currencies 101,408 Accrued expenses 56,056 Advance payments 128,751 Taxation (Provision less payments) 43,951 Unclaimed dividends 18,569 Special exporters accounts in foreign currencies 37,046 Unearned income 10,299 Others 424,699 Long Term Liabilities: Borrowing from SBP under Long term financing for export Orientated Projects: 1,452,489 Leasing: Leases where the Bank assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Assets subject to finance lease are accounted for by recording the assets and related liability. These are stated at lower of fair value and the present value of minimum lease payments at the inception of lease less accumulated depreciation. Financial charges are allocated over the period of lease term so as to provide a constant periodic rate of financial charge on the outstanding liability. Depreciation is charged on the basis similar to the owned assets. Adjustment for Financial charges on leased assets: 85,613 Payments of lease obligations: (404,847) Net investment in finance lease In Pakistan: 639, 85 Cost/Revalued Amount Depreciation As at 1Jan,07 Additions/ (Deletions)/ Adjustments As at 31Dec,07 As at 1Jan,07 Additions/ (Deletions)/ Adjustments As at 31Dec,07 Book Value Rate of Depreciation % Rupees in 000 Owned Leasehold land 927,994 807,132 1,735,126 1,735,126 Buildings on leasehold land 1,733,661 689,148 2,408,706 121,957 80,923 201,130 2,207,576 2.00-6.67 Improvements to leasehold buildings 102,050 81,476 178,434 5,315 7,115 12,165 166,269 5 ICICI Current Liabilities: I. Bills payable 29,007,972 II. Inter-office adjustments (net) 4,293,542 III. Interest accrued 25,968,705 IV. Unsecured redeemable / perpetual debentures / bonds [Subordinated debt included in Tier I and Tier II Capital] 207,501,787 V. Others a) Security deposits from clients 15,197,638 b) Sundry creditors 74,101,312 c) Received for disbursements under special program 2,034,281 d) Provision for standard assets 14,550,250 e) Other liabilities 56,298,340 Long-Term Liabilities: Borrowings in India: 109,832,187 Borrowings outside India: 546,652,151 Leasing: Lease income decreased by 8.8% to Rs. 2.17 billion in fiscal 2008 from Rs. 2.38 billion in fiscal 2007 primarily due to decrease in leased assets to Rs. 7.97 billion at year-end fiscal 2008 compared to Rs. 10.03 billion at year-end fiscal 2007, since the Bank is not entering into new lease transactions. * Lease Income during 2008: 2.17 billion * Lease depreciation, net of lease equalization: 1.82 * Fixed Leased assets: 41.09 billion * Assets given on Lease: At cost as on March 31 of preceding year 18,136,532 Deductions during the year (57,460) Depreciation to date, accumulated lease adjustment and provisions (10,108,355) Net block 7,970,717 Bank of America Current Liabilities: Deposits in domestic offices: Noninterest-bearing 188,466 Interest-bearing 501,882 Deposits in foreign offices: Noninterest-bearing 3,761 Interest-bearing 111,068 Total deposits 805,177 Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase 221,435 Trading account liabilities 77,342 Derivative liabilities 22,423 Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings 191,089 Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $660 measured at fair value at December 31, 53,969 Long-Term Liabilities: Long-term debt: 197,508 Leasing: Leased Assets: 876,344 Allowance for leased assets: (11,588) Leased Assets, net of allowance: 864,756 HSBC Current Liabilities: Deposits by banks 48,786 Customer accounts 268,269 Items in the course of transmission to other banks 1,975 Trading liabilities 117,454 Financial liabilities designated at fair value 15,659 Derivatives 61,539 Debt securities in issue 50,921 Other liabilities 6,843 Current tax liabilities 467 Accruals and deferred income 6,509 Provisions 427 Deferred tax liabilities 302 Subordinated liabilities 5,205 Long Term Liabilities: Retirement benefit liabilities 674 Liabilities under insurance contracts issued 12,251 Leasing: The groups freehold and long leasehold properties were valued in 2007. The value of these properties was 284 million in excess of their carrying amount in the consolidated balance sheet. When the group is a lessor under finance leases the amounts due under the leases, after deduction of unearned charges, are included in Loans and advances to banks or Loans and advances to customers as appropriate. When the group is a lessee under finance leases the leased assets are capitalized and included in Property, plant and equipment and the corresponding liability to the lessor is included in Other liabilities. * Large Leasehold Land Buildings: 45 m * Short Leasehold Land Buildings: 357 m * Equipment on Operating Leases: 3005 m BANK AL HABIB Cash Flow from Operating Activities Profit before taxation 3,052,227 Dividend income (31,321) 3020906 Adjustments for: Depreciation 338,707 Amortisation 52,587 Provision against non-performing loans and advances 92,687 Provision for diminution in the value of investment 579 Gain on disposal of operating fixed assets (20,453) Financial charges on leased assets 85,613 Charge for compensated absences 54,102 603822 3624728 Decrease / (Increase) in Operating Assets: Lendings to financial institutions 2,466,371 Advances (8,521,106) Other assets (excluding advance taxation) (333,771) (6,388,506) Increase / (Decrease) in Operating Liabilities Bills Payable 1003869 Borrowings (962,029) Deposits 23,398,892 Other Liabilities 759,485 24,200,217 21,436,439 Income tax paid (1,369,870) Net cash flows from operating activities 20,066,569 Cash Flow from Investing Activities Net investments (14,290,756) Dividend received 31,919 Investments in operating fixed assets (2,014,156) Sale proceeds of property and equipment disposed-off 28,404 Net cash flows from investing activities (16,244,589) Cash Flow from Financing Activities Sub-ordinated loans 760,160 Payments of lease obligations (404,847) Dividend paid (388,505) Exchange differences on translation of net investment in foreign branch 3,121 Net cash flows from financing activities (30,071) Increase in cash and cash equivalents 3,791,909 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 10,579,333 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 14,371,242 Cash Payments for operating Expenses: Decrease / (Increase) in Operating Assets: Lendings to financial institutions 2,466,371 Advances (8,521,106) Other assets (excluding advance taxation) (333,771) (6,388,506) Increase / (Decrease) in Operating Liabilities Bills Payable 1003869 Borrowings (962,029) Deposits 23,398,892 Other Liabilities 759,485 24,200,217 Relationship between Statement of Cash flows Balance sheet: On balance sheet: Cash and balances with treasury banks 13,766,500 Balances with other banks 604,742 Total 14,371,242 On Statement of Cash flows; Increase in cash and cash equivalents 3,791,909 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 10,579,333 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 14,371,242 ICICI Cash flow from operating activities Net profit before taxes 50,560,977 Adjustments for: Depreciation and amortization 7,711,011 Net (appreciation) / depreciation on investments 10,279,608 Provision in respect of non-performing assets (including prudential provision on standard assets) 27,009,924 Provision for contingencies others 1,413,354 Income from subsidiaries, joint ventures and consolidated entities (12,783,599) (Profit) / Loss on sale of fixed assets (656,069) 83,535,206 Adjustments for: (Increase) / decrease in investments (25,015,908) (Increase) / decrease in advances (320,850,355) Increase / (decrease) in borrowings 43,122,293 Increase / (decrease) in deposits 126,079,339 (Increase) / decrease in other assets (27,149,533) Increase / (decrease) in other liabilities and provisions 22,330,716 (181,483,448) Refund / (payment) of direct taxes (18,363,292) Net cash generated from operating activities (116,311,534) Cash flow from investing activities Investments in subsidiaries and/or joint ventures (44,379,917) Income from subsidiaries, joint ventures and consolidated entities 12,783,799 Purchase of fixed assets (9,592,487) Proceeds from sale of fixed assets 1,064,035 (Purchase) / sale of held to maturity securities (135,486,579) Net cash generated from investing activities (175,611,149) Cash flow from financing activities Proceeds from issue of share capital (including ESOPs) net of issue expenses 197,897,060 Net proceeds / (repayment) of bonds (including subordinated debt) 112,316,167 Dividend and dividend tax paid (10,565,000) Net cash generated from financing activities 299,648,227 Effect of exchange fluctuation on translation reserve (890,065) Net cash and cash equivalents taken over from Sangli Bank Limited on amalgamation 2,362,563 Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 9,198,042 Cash and cash equivalents as at April 1 371,213,247 Cash and cash equivalents as at March 31 380,411,289 Relationship between Statement of Cash flows Balance sheet: On balance sheet: Cash and balances with Reserve Bank of India 293,775,337 Balances with other banks 86,635,952 Total 380,411,289 On Statement of Cash Flow: Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 9,198,042 Cash and cash equivalents as at April 1 371,213,247 Cash and cash equivalents as at March 31 380,411,289 Bank of America Operating activities Net income $ 14,982 Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Provision for credit losses 8,385 (Gains) losses on sales of debt securities (180) Depreciation and premises improvements amortization 1,168 Amortization of intangibles 1,676 Deferred income tax (benefit) expense (753) Net increase in trading and derivative instruments (8,108) Net increase in other assets (15,855) Net increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities 4,190 Other operating activities, net 5,531 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 11,036 Investing activities Net (increase) decrease in time deposits placed and other short-term investments 2,191 Net (increase) decrease in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell 6,294 Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities 28,107 Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of available-for-sale debt securities 19,233 Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities (28,016) Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity debt securities 630 Purchases of held-to-maturity debt securities (314) Proceeds from sales of loans and leases 57,875 Other changes in loans and leases, net (177,665) Net purchases of premises and equipment (2,143) Proceeds from sales of foreclosed properties 104 (Acquisition) divestiture of business activities, net (19,816) Other investing activities, net 5,040 Net cash used in investing activities (108,480) Financing activities Net increase in deposits 45,368 Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (1,448) Net increase in commercial paper and other short-term borrowings 32,840 Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 67,370 Retirement of long-term debt (28,942) Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 1,558 Redemption of preferred stock (270) Proceeds from issuance of common stock 1,118 Common stock repurchased (3,790) Cash dividends paid (10,878) Excess tax benefits of share-based payments 254 Other financing activities, net (38) Net cash provided by financing activities 103,412 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 134 Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 6,102 Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 36,429 Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 42,531 Relationship between Statement of Cash flows Balance sheet: On balance sheet: Cash Cash Equivalents 42531 On Statement of Cash Flows: Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 6,102 Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 36,429 Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 42,531 HSBC Cash flows from operating activities Profit before tax 4,081 Adjustments for: non-cash items included in profit before tax 2,023 change in operating assets (56,617) change in operating liabilities 83,551 elimination of exchange differences (1,792) net gain from investing activities (552) share of (profits)/ losses in associates and joint ventures (47) distributions from/ (to) associates 7 contributions paid for defined benefit pension schemes 548 tax paid (872) Net cash from operating activities 30,330 Cash flows used in investing activities Purchase of financial investments (71,980) Proceeds from the sale of financial investments 43,217 Purchase of property, plant and equipment (578) Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment 67 Purchase of goodwill and intangible assets (123) Net cash outflow from acquisition of and increase in stake of subsidiaries 9 Net cash outflow from acquisition of and increase in stake of associates (118) Proceeds from disposal of associates 982 Purchases of HSBC Holdings plc shares to satisfy share based payment transactions 182 Net cash used in investing activities (28,342) Cash flows used in financing activities Issue of share capital 1,510 Subordinated loan capital issued 59 Subordinated loan capital repaid 10 Dividends paid to shareholders (1,706) Dividends paid to minority interests (7) Net cash used in financing activities (134) Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,854 Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 46,721 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 2,660 Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 51,235 Relationship between Statement of Cash flows Balance sheet: On balance sheet: Cash and balances at central banks 7,146 Items in the course of collection from other banks 2,434 Loans and advances to banks of one month or less 37,751 Treasury bills, other bills and certificates of deposit less than three months 5,879 Less: items in the course of transmission to other banks (1,975) Total cash and cash equivalents 51,235 On Statement of Cash Flows: Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,854 Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January 46,721 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 2,660 Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 51,235 Annexure * https://www.bankalhabib.com/financialReport.php * https://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/71/71595/reports/2007_AR/index.html * https://www.hsbc.co.uk/1/2/about/financial-reports;jsessionid=0000FBt0LmZBzwcy4AXTKWr0BPP:12ntf1ep0 * https://www.icicibank.com/pfsuser/aboutus/investorelations/annualreport/icicibank/annualreport.htm * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_AL_Habib * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICICI * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_america * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSBC * https://www.bankofamerica.com/index.jsp